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How to Insulate Pipes to Prevent Freezing This Winter

Last updated October 25, 2026

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The short answer

Which Pipes Need Insulation

Start by locating pipes in unheated areas of your home, such as attics, basements, crawl spaces, garages, and exterior walls. These are the most vulnerable to freezing because they are exposed to cold air. Pipes running through cabinets, like those under sinks on exterior walls, also need attention.

Check for pipes that run along exterior walls, especially in rooms that are rarely heated. In a mild marine climate with wet winters and dry summers, a sudden cold snap can still catch you off guard. If you live in Kirkland, keep your shutoff valve location written down so you can act quickly if a pipe bursts.

  • Attics and crawl spaces
  • Basements and garages
  • Exterior wall cavities
  • Under sinks on exterior walls
  • Pipes near windows or vents

How to Wrap Pipes

Choose foam pipe insulation tubes, which are easy to cut and fit over straight runs. For elbows and corners, use flexible foam or wrap with fiberglass tape. Heat tape is another option for very cold areas, but follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully to avoid overheating.

Measure the pipe diameter and buy the correct insulation size. Slip the foam over the pipe, or wrap the tape in a spiral. Seal seams with duct tape or zip ties. Make sure insulation covers the entire pipe, including valves and fittings, because even a small exposed spot can freeze.

  • Measure pipe diameter before buying
  • Cut foam insulation to length
  • Fit snugly, no gaps
  • Seal seams with tape
  • Cover valves and fittings
  • Use heat tape for severe cold

Seal Air Leaks Around Pipes

Cold air can reach pipes through gaps around pipe entry points, vents, and electrical wiring. Use caulk or spray foam to seal these openings, both inside and outside your home. Pay attention to areas where pipes pass through walls, floors, or ceilings.

Sealing leaks not only keeps pipes warmer but also reduces your heating bill. Check for drafts around outdoor faucets and hose bibs. Remove garden hoses and shut off outdoor water supply valves, then drain the lines. Insulate the faucet with a cover or foam cap.

When to Drip Faucets

During extreme cold, letting a faucet drip can prevent pipes from freezing. A slow drip keeps water moving, which makes freezing less likely. Open cabinet doors under sinks to allow warm room air to circulate around the pipes. This is especially important on exterior walls.

Drip the faucet farthest from the main water shutoff, as well as any faucets on exterior walls. The cost of the water is minimal compared to the repair bills from a burst pipe. If you are leaving home for several days, consider shutting off the water and draining the system.

What to Do If a Pipe Freezes

If a pipe freezes, turn off the water at the main shutoff valve immediately. Then open the faucet to relieve pressure. Use a hair dryer, heating pad, or space heater to warm the pipe slowly, starting from the faucet end. Never use an open flame, as it can damage the pipe or start a fire.

If the pipe has already burst, shut off the water and call local water damage pros right away. Water from a burst pipe can soak walls, floors, and belongings in a short time. If you have significant water damage, a water-damage-inspection can help identify hidden moisture, and structural-drying-dehumidification can dry the area properly.

  • Shut off the main water valve
  • Open the faucet to release pressure
  • Thaw with a hair dryer or heating pad
  • Never use an open flame
  • Call pros if the pipe has burst

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Frequently asked questions

What is the right insulation material for pipes?

Foam pipe insulation tubes are easy to install and work well for most homes. Fiberglass wrap is better for high-heat areas like near a water heater. Heat tape is an option for severe cold, but follow the instructions closely to avoid fire risk.

Can I use towels or rags to wrap pipes?

Towels and rags provide some insulation but are not as effective as foam or fiberglass. They can also trap moisture and lose their insulating value when wet. For reliable protection, use proper pipe insulation products.

Should I leave all faucets dripping during a freeze?

You only need to drip the faucets that are on exterior walls or in unheated areas. A slow drip, about one drop per second, is enough. Open cabinet doors to let warm air reach the pipes under sinks.

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